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Everything about 1850 totally explained

» For the game, see: 1850 (board game).

1850 (MDCCCL) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Sunday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar).

Events of 1850

January - June

July - December

  • July - Taiping Rebellion: Hong Xiuquan orders the general mobilisation of rebel forces.
  • July 9
  • August 28 - Richard Wagner's opera Lohengrin premieres.
  • September 9
  • September 18 - The Fugitive Slave Law is passed by the U.S. Congress.
  • September 29 - The Catholic hierarchy is re-established in England and Wales by Pope Pius IX.
  • October 1 - Foundation of the University of Sydney, the oldest in Australia
  • November - Taiping Rebellion: First clashes of the Taiping Rebellion occur between Imperialist militia and the Heavenly Army.
  • November 29 - The treaty called Punctation of Olmütz was signed in Olomouc. It meant diplomatic capitulation of Prussia to Austrian Empire, which took over the leadership of German Confederation.
  • December 16 - The first settlers for the settlement of Christchurch arrive at the Port of Lyttelton (New Zealand).

    Undated

  • The American System of Watch Manufacturing starts in Roxbury, Massachusetts USA, Waltham Watch Company
  • Bingley Hall, the world's first purpose- built exhibition hall, opens in Birmingham, England.
  • Allan Pinkerton forms the North-Western Police Agency, later the Pinkerton National Detective Agency
  • France begins to transport colonists to Algeria.
  • Rifling becomes common in firearms.
  • Entre Ríos Province in Argentina revolts - it's backed by Brazil in alliance with Paraguay and the Uruguayan Colorado Party.
  • Harriet Tubman becomes an official conductor of the Underground Railroad.
  • The International Organisation of Good Templars is established, then as the order Knights of Jericho.
  • Foundation of St. Mary’s Institute in Dayton, OH, which would eventually become the University of Dayton.

    Births

    January - June

  • January - John Barclay Armstrong, Texas Ranger and U.S. Marshal (d. 1913)
  • January 4 - Frederick York Powell, English historian and scholar (d. 1904)
  • January 6 - Eduard Bernstein, German social democratic theoretician and politician (d. 1932)
  • January 6 - Xaver Scharwenka, Polish-German composer (d. 1924)
  • January 10 - John Wellborn Root, U.S. architect (d. 1891)
  • January 11 - Philipp von Ferrary, Italian stamp collector (d. 1917)
  • January 14 - Pierre Loti, French sailor and writer (d. 1923)
  • January 15
  • January 17 - Aleksandr Taneyev, Russian composer (d. 1918)
  • January 18 - Seth Low, American educator (d. 1916)
  • January 19 - Augustine Birrell, English author and politician (d. 1933)
  • January 24
  • January 27
  • January 28 - Edward Merritt Hughes, U.S. Navy officer (d. 1903)
  • January 29
  • February 8 - Kate Chopin, U.S. novelist (d. 1904)
  • February 12 - William Morris Davis, U.S. geographer (d. 1934)
  • February 14 - Kiyoura Keigo, Prime Minister of Japan (d. 1942)
  • February 15 - Albert B. Cummins, U.S. political figure (d. 1926)
  • February 17 - Alf Morgans, Premier of Western Australia (d. 1933)
  • February 18 - George Henschel, English musician (d. 1934)
  • February 23 - César Ritz, Swiss hotelier (d. 1918)
  • February 27
  • March 7
  • March 9 - Hamo Thornycroft, British sculptor (d. 1925)
  • March 10 - Spencer Gore, British tennis player and cricketer (d. 1906)
  • March 13 - Hugh John Macdonald, premier of Manitoba (d. 1929)
  • March 26 - Edward Bellamy, U.S. author (d. 1898)
  • March 31 - Charles Doolittle Walcott, U.S. invertebrate paleontologist (d. 1927)
  • April 8 - John Peters, American 19th century baseball player (d. 1924)
  • April 9 - Julius Wernher, German-born British businessman and art collector (d. 1912)
  • April 11 - Isidor Rayner, U.S. senator (d. 1912)
  • April 12 - Nikolai Golitsyn, Prime Minister of Russia (d. 1925)
  • April 13 - Arthur Matthew Weld Downing, British astronomer (d. 1917)
  • April 15
  • April 16 - Paul von Breitenbach, German railway planner (d. 1930)
  • April 18 - Joseph Labadie, U.S. labor organizer (d. 1933)
  • April 20 - Daniel Chester French, U.S. sculptor (d. 1931)
  • April 24 - Murdo MacKenzie, Scottish-Brazilian rancher (d. 1939)
  • April 26
  • April 27 - Hans Hartwig von Beseler, German soldier (d. 1921)
  • April 29 - George Murdoch, first mayor of Calgary (d. 1910)
  • May 1 - Prince Arthur of the United Kingdom (d. 1942)
  • May 3 - Johnny Ringo, U.S. cowboy (d. 1892)
  • May 4 - Emanuel Schiffers, Russian chess player (d. 1904)
  • May 7 - Anton Seidl, Hungarian conductor (d. 1898)
  • May 8 - Ross Barnes, U.S. baseball player (d. 1915)
  • May 10 - Thomas Lipton, Scottish merchant and yachtsman (d. 1931)
  • May 12
  • May 12 - Frederick Holder, premier of South Australia (d. 1909)
  • May 14 - Alva Adams, Governor of Colorado (d. 1922)
  • May 18 - Oliver Heaviside, British engineer (d. 1925)
  • May 21 - Giuseppe Mercalli, Italian volcanologist (d. 1914)
  • May 26 - James Kenyon, British pioneer of cinematography (d. 1925)
  • May 27 - Thomas Neill Cream, serial killer (d. 1892)
  • May 28 - Frederic William Maitland, English jurist and historian (d. 1906)
  • May 30 - Frederick Dent Grant, U.S. soldier and statesman (d. 1912)
  • June 2
  • June 3 - Albert M. Todd, American businessman and politician (d. 1931)
  • June 5 - Pat Garrett, American bartender and sheriff (d. 1908)
  • June 6 - Karl Ferdinand Braun, German physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1918)
  • June 12 - Roberto Ivens, Portuguese explorer of Africa (d. 1898)
  • June 15 - Charles Hazelius Sternberg, U.S. fossil collector and amateur paleontologist (d. 1943)
  • June 18 - Cyrus Hermann Kotzschmar Curtis, U.S. publisher (d. 1933)
  • June 21 - Daniel Carter Beard, U.S. scouting pioneer (d. 1941)
  • June 22 - Ignaz Goldziher, Jewish Hungarian orientalist (d. 1921)
  • June 24 - Horatio Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener, British field marshal and statesman (d. 1916)
  • June 27

    July - December

  • July 2 - Robert Ridgway, U.S. ornithologist (d. 1929)
  • July 8 - Charles Rockwell Lanman, U.S. Sanskrit scholar (d. 1941)
  • July 11 - Annie Armstrong, US missionary leader (d. 1938)
  • July 12
  • July 15 - Mother Cabrini, U.S. saint (d. 1917)
  • July 20 - John G. Shedd, U.S. businessman (d. 1926)
  • July 28 - William Whittingham Lyman, U.S. vintner (d. 1921)
  • July 31
  • August - Bernardo Reyes, Mexican general (d. 1913)
  • August 5 - Guy de Maupassant, French writer (d. 1893)
  • August 6 - Henri Chantavoine, French writer (d. 1918)
  • August 9 - Johann Büttikofer, Swiss zoologist (d. 1929)
  • August 13 - Philip Bourke Marston, English poet (d. 1887)
  • August 14 - W. W. Rouse Ball, British mathematician (d. 1925)

    Deaths

    January - June

  • January 2 - Manuel de la Peña y Peña, interim President of Mexico (b. 1789)
  • January 20 - Adam Gottlob Oehlenschläger, Danish poet and playwright (b. 1779)
  • January 22
  • January 26 - Francis Jeffrey, Scottish judge and literary critic (b. 1773)
  • January 27
  • February 4 - Daniel Turner, officer in the United States Navy (b. 1794)
  • February 20 - Valentín Canalizo, acting president of Mexico (b. 1794)
  • February 23 - Matthew Whitworth-Aylmer, 5th Baron Aylmer, British military officer and colonial administrator (b. 1775)
  • February 25 - Daoguang Emperor, of the Qing dynasty of China (b. 1782)
  • February 27 - Samuel Adams, Democratic Governor of the State of Arkansas (b. 1805)
  • March 3 - Oliver Cowdery, U.S. religious leader (b. 1806)
  • March 13
  • March 26 - Samuel Turell Armstrong, U.S. political figure (b. 1784)
  • March 27 - Wilhelm Beer, German banker and astronomer (b. 1797)
  • March 28 - Gerard Brandon, Governor of Mississippi (b. 1788)
  • March 31 - John C. Calhoun, 7th Vice President of the United States (b. 1782)
  • April 7 - William Lisle Bowles, English poet and critic (b. 1762)
  • April 9 - William Prout, English chemist and physician (b. 1785)
  • April 12 - Adoniram Judson, U.S. Baptist missionary (b. 1788)
  • April 16 - Marie Tussaud, French wax sculptor (b. 1761)
  • April 17 - Jan Krukowiecki, Polish general (b. 1772)
  • April 23 - William Wordsworth, English poet (b. 1770)
  • April 24 - John Norvell, U.S. newspaperman and senator (b. 1789)
  • May 1 - Henri Marie Ducrotay de Blainville, French zoologist and anatomist (b. 1777)
  • May 10 - Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac, French chemist and physicist (b. 1778)
  • May 12 - Frances Sargent Osgood, U.S. poet (b. 1811)
  • May 21 - Christoph Friedrich von Ammon, German theological writer and preacher (b. 1766)
  • May 24 - Michał Gedeon Radziwiłł, Polish noble (b. 1778)
  • May 31 - Giuseppe Giusti, Tuscan satirical poet (b. 1809)
  • June 9 - John Green Crosse, English surgeon
  • June 16 - William Lawson, British explorer of New South Wales (b. 1774)
  • June 19 - Margaret Fuller, American journalist (b. 1810)
  • June 30 - Richard Dillingham, American Quaker teacher (b. 1823)

    July - December

  • July 2 - Robert Peel, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1788)
  • July 4 - William Kirby, English entomologist (b. 1759)
  • Hitler
  • July 7 - Timothy Hackworth, British steam locomotive engineer
  • July 8 - Prince Adolphus of the United Kingdom, 1st Duke of Cambridge (b. 1774)
  • July 9
  • July 12 - Robert Stevenson, Scottish lighthouse engineer (b. 1772)
  • July 14 - August Neander, German theologian and church historian (b. 1789)
  • July 25 - Richard Barnes Mason, military governor of California (b. 1797)
  • August 3 - Jacob Jones, U.S. Navy officer (b. 1768)
  • August 6
  • August 13 - Martin Archer Shee, Irish painter and president of the Royal Academy (b. 1770)
  • August 17 - General José de San Martín, Argentine military and South American independence hero (b. 1778)
  • August 18
  • August 22 - Nikolaus Lenau, Austrian poet (b. 1802)
  • August 26 - King Louis-Philippe of France (b. 1773)
  • August 27 - Thomas Kidd, English classical scholar and schoolmaster (b. 1770)
  • September 2 - Charles Watkin Williams-Wynn, British Tory politician (b. 1775)
  • September 12 - Presley O'Bannon, officer in the United States Marine Corps (b. 1784)
  • September 22 - Johann Heinrich von Thünen, German economist (b. 1783)
  • September 23 - José Gervasio Artigas, Uruguayan revolutionary (b. 1764)
  • October 2 - Sarah Biffen, English painter (b. 1784)
  • October 29 - Marmaduke Williams, Democratic-Republican U.S. Congressman from North Carolina (b. 1774)
  • November 2 - Richard Dobbs Spaight, Jr., Democratic governor of the U.S. state of North Carolina (b. 1796)
  • November 3 - Thomas Ford, governor of Illinois (b. 1800)
  • November 4 - Gustav Schwab, German classical scholar (b. 1792)
  • November 9 - François-Xavier-Joseph Droz, French writer on ethics and political science (b. 1773)
  • November 19 - Richard Mentor Johnson, Vice President of the United States (b. 1780)
  • November 22 - Lin Zexu, Chinese politician (b. 1785)
  • November 30 - Germain Henri Hess, Swiss chemist and doctor (b. 1802)
  • December 4
  • December 10
  • December 22 - William Plumer, U.S. lawyer and lay preacher (b. 1759)
  • December 24 - Frédéric Bastiat French author and economist (b. 1801)
  • December 28 - Heinrich Christian Schumacher, German astronomer (b. 1780)
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